Tuesday, June 20, 2023

In defense of culture war

From Marxists on the left to former House Speaker Paul Ryan on the right, many voices in the political discussion assure us that the “culture war” is a distraction and that what matter most are economic issues.  But economic order has cultural prerequisites, and indeed economic phenomena themselves cannot even be conceptualized apart from cultural presuppositions.  I make the case for the priority of culture to economics in my essay “In Defense of Culture War,” which appears this week at Postliberal Order.

55 comments:

  1. Hello Dr. Feser, have you had much exposure to Newpolity and their work on postliberal thought (Andrew Willard Jones, Jacob Imam, Marc Barnes, etc.)? They have had some disagreements with the folks over at Postliberal Order, particularly around a proper understanding of authority (as distinct from power) and I would love to 'hear' your thoughts on the debate.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Imam also pushes the narrative that 'speculating' i.e., investing is a sin. Total nonsense.

      Delete
  2. Codswallop.

    The idea that "wokeness" is the chiefmost battle and demands a response comes from a false extrapolation that supposes it will take further root if left unopposed. This is idiocy.

    The only people breeding above replacement are religious people and stupid people. 100 years from now we'll be in the tail-end of a backlash, with religious people firmly in control of all institutions globally.

    The much more pressing issue is the moral danger of weak souls of good will now. Economic rape is not a purgation of one's spirit, and it is very bizarre to see "religious" folks conduct their speech as though it were ("well you just attach yourself to material goods too much! fighting disney is what matters!"); it is completely diabolical. "And lead us not into temptation."

    Whatever circle of hell victims of economic rape may fall into in their weakness of will and sinful responses, the perpetrators will endure much worse torments for destroying the innocence of the good; likewise will any who, even unwittingly, abide their plots to bring others with them to damnation.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Anonymous, nobody is arguing for economic rape. You're arguing in bad faith.

      Delete
    2. The only people breeding above replacement are religious people and stupid people.

      Codswallop. The Left, the NewLeft, and the Woke have been using the mechanisms of Big Government and Big Business to turn the biological children of religious people into their own spiritual children, and have been doing so for a long time now. Public schools regularly churn out graduates who are far more leftwards than their parents. Universities do so with even more stunning success: the percentage of "turned" grows higher with every year spent at the college level, to the point where hardly a Ph.D. can be found who is not at least 2 times more leftward than her parents, (unless her parents are themselves college professors).

      The much more pressing issue is the moral danger of weak souls of good will now.

      Weak souls are in danger from attack from many angles, not just one. But saints and demons alike report that more souls are damned from sins of the flesh than any other one cause. In this world today, it is hard to say that has changed.

      There isn't only one battle to fight, except the general fight of good overcoming all evil. Yet God calls individuals to fight this or that front of the battle, throughout the world, some called to fight sinful anger, some called to fight pride, some called to fight lust, etc., as their most visible part of the war. Nobody should be castigated for fighting the specific battlefront God calls them to, even if it's not the battle God calls you to.

      likewise will any who, even unwittingly, abide their plots to bring others with them to damnation.

      Typically, "unwitting" wrongs are not those we would be damned for: the witting sins are sufficient unto the task. The exception would be those unwitting things we have an obligation to know as wrong, for which our ignorance is itself self-inflicted and (knowingly) sinful - so these are "unwitting" only in a sense.

      Delete
  3. OP,
    ()"is destructive force which isn’t reducible to economics, and can never be defeated by economic solutions alone."
    Agreed. There are destructive forces to be battled, not by economics alone, or philosophical arguments alone.

    That is why the so-called New Atheists were and are so very much on the right track, battling the destructive forces of () in ways large numbers of ordinary people could understand and agree with, thus making real positive effects on the lives of millions.

    Oh, right, to be fair, I did make one substitution with respect to the OP,
    (religion)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Stardusty,

      The New Atheists were part of the problem. Look at what they propped up - scientific materialism, in the service of destroying foreign and domestic enemies of the regime. Scientific materialism makes it easier for bureaucrats to manipulate the masses by reducing them to quantities to be controlled through social engineering. Much easier to to control a monad than a human person with rights.

      Delete
    2. Stardusty: "That is why the so-called New Atheists were and are so very much on the right track"

      BwahahahahahaHAHAHAHAHAHAHAhahahahahahhahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahah........

      Oh, you should be a stand-up comedian...

      Delete
    3. StardustyPsyche,

      The New Atheism was a flash-in-the-pan. More short-lived than the morning dew or the repentances in Ancient Israel.

      Delete
    4. The only thing more ridiculous than New Atheism was Atheism Plus.

      Delete
    5. Mister Geocon,
      "The New Atheists were part of the problem. Look at what they propped up - scientific materialism"
      Let's see if that is such a problem when you need the medical technology of science.

      "in the service of destroying foreign and domestic enemies of the regime."
      We use our science to destroy enemies that attack us, so what is the problem?

      Delete
    6. HolyKnowledge
      "The New Atheism was a flash-in-the-pan. More short-lived than the morning dew or the repentances in Ancient Israel."
      Keep dreaming.

      Religion in the USA and the West generally is dying. It is an all too slow death, but clearly in progress.

      Religious affiliation and belief is falling, atheism is growing, monotonically.

      Religious philosophers sniff that the new atheists make bad philosophical arguments. How absurd.

      There are no good philosophical arguments for god on offer, not a single one.

      Most people are not convinced primarily by philosophical arguments, rather, by what makes sense to them personally.

      The New Atheists did an excellent work by communicating to millions of people how nonsensical and destructive religions are. More and more people are getting that message, hardly a flash in the pan, you have no idea what you are talking about.

      Delete
    7. Stardusty:

      Well, here you go: Death of the New Atheism!

      https://breakpoint.org/is-the-new-atheism-dead/

      And P.Z. Myers sure seems to think so:

      https://freethoughtblogs.com/pharyngula/2021/06/05/new-atheism-is-deaddoes-that-make-this-abuse-of-a-corpse/

      https://freethoughtblogs.com/pharyngula/2019/09/11/so-what-is-or-rather-who-is-the-problem-with-new-atheism/

      Delete
    8. This comment has been removed by the author.

      Delete
    9. Stardusty,

      "Let's see if that is such a problem when you need the medical technology of science."
      To be clear, your statement that you need to be a materialist in order to study medicine is about as insane as someone claiming that you need to be scientologist in order to study medicine. It's bonkers. However, it's about what I expected from you.

      Delete
    10. SP, thank you for these comments. I appreciate that you have finally admitted that you aren’t actually interested in engaging with the best arguments, but in performing whatever rhetoric is necessary to produce what you consider the best result.

      It’s good to know that any discussion with you on philosophical topics is going to be fruitless, as by your own admission, you aren’t here in good faith.

      Delete
    11. "Religion in the U.S.A. is in apostasy. It is not dying. Bige difference."
      So. people leaving religion is not religion dying?

      Makes no sense. That is what it means when an organization or belief system is dying, people are leaving it.

      It is pretty easy for me to be in favor of the culture wars because my side is gaining ground and your side is losing ground.

      Conservative culture wars are an attempt to slow the loss of ground. One problem is, though, the more zealous the religious conservatives sound the more people consider them to be regressive criminal kooks.

      There are some religious conservatives who are not kooks, but more and more they barely move the needle of public visibility, support, and influence.

      The stars of the show are red state nut jobs in the House and a guy who is two thirds of the way to 100 felony counts against him, and rising (and he is the red state front runner by far!). Really? Is that the best you guys can offer?

      Maybe Dr. Feser should throw his hat in the ring! Honestly it would be refreshing if an intellectual, philosophical, affable guy with a penchant for educating young people would get out in front on the conservative side. His religious arguments are unsound, but at least he is willing to engage in rational dialogue.

      Delete
    12. Yogami,
      "Death of the New Atheism!"
      Reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated.

      Delete
    13. This comment has been removed by the author.

      Delete
    14. ""Religion is dying" might be more true for countries like Sweden or Finland though."
      You wish.

      Religion is dying in the USA. Calling it "in apostasy" is just a little rationalization re-labeling. I suppose that gives you some kind of comfort.

      People are leaving organized religion and moving to some vague notion of spirituality, or agnosticism, or apathy, or atheism.

      In the culture wars the so-called New Atheists have made an effective and significant contribution to this trend of the dying of religion.

      It is easy for me to welcome culture wars because my side is winning and your side is losing.

      Delete
    15. Geo,
      "To be clear, your statement that you need to be a materialist in order to study medicine is about as insane as someone claiming that you need to be scientologist in order to study medicine. It's bonkers."
      You need to study medicine materialistically.

      When you study medicine you must take a materialistic approach to your study and practice of medicine.

      Western medicine is materialistic medicine.

      All board certification examinations in medicine in the USA are entirely materialistic.

      "bonkers"
      If you need surgery and instead of rolling you into a surgical room they roll you into a chapel and start praying to god to heal you, then you will consider the medical staff to have gone bonkers.

      Sure, if you are a medical doctor and in your off hours on your personal time you go someplace to pray to Allah or Joseph Smith or Zenu or the Monkey God or Jesus you can do that if you want, up to you.

      But when you study medicine you must study materialistically or you will be failed in your coursework.

      It is against the law for a licensed medical doctor to practice medicine non-materialistically. A licensed medical doctor is required by law to diagnose and treat his or her patients materialistically.

      Parents who substitute prayer for materialistic health care for their children are guilty of child abuse.

      Delete

    16. Anonymous June 23, 2023 at 8:23 AM
      "SP, thank you for these comments. I appreciate that you have finally admitted that you aren’t actually interested in engaging with the best arguments,"
      What best arguments? Could you please be a little more vague?

      Besides, even if you put forward some "best arguments" how would I know it was you? I mean, there are a lot of folks with the same name as you. If you want somebody to engage with your arguments it helps to pick a handle, say, 25or624, or anything that comes to mind, it doesn't much matter.


      Delete
    17. Oh dear. SP, surely you don't think that the quality of an argument is dependent on the person making it, do you?

      Delete
    18. The quality of a discussion in a crowd of people is dependent on having some means of keeping track of who said what in response to what.

      I have no idea what you mean by "the best arguments". What arguments, by who, when, where?

      Delete
    19. @StardustyPsyche:

      "Religion is dying in the USA".

      Not true at all, since wokeness is on the rise, and wokeness IS a religion (the one that has come to occupy the void left by mainstream Christianity).

      The saddest part is that any dimwit can now self-appoint himself as a pastor of this Neo-Church, as the New Saviors of society, which is plagued by Sin but that will be finally cleansed through the woke apostolate.

      And what is even sadder is that its members are usually "not-so-bright" that they tend NOT to realize that they are part of a vicious, decadent cult.

      "Wokeness is a civil religion that merges one's duty to the divine with that of the State. It replaces God with political and cultural crusades and enforces all-inclusive orthodoxy. It manifests all of the traits we commonly associate with religion, and a particularly fundamentalist one at that."

      Religion is certainly NOT dying in the USA. It has just mutated into a mess.

      Delete
  4. For years now, I have been aggravated by nitwits who claim cultural issues are "distractions" from "real," i.e. economic, issues. Culture is the foundation of everything else. To claim that cultural issues are "distractions" from "real" issues is closely analogous to claiming that the crumbling foundation of a house is a "distraction: from the "real" issues of the walls and ceiling. No matter how often or how well you patch up the walls ans ceiling, if the foundation crumbles, the house will collapse.

    Those nitwit also reckon without the degree to which cultural issues are economic issues. One of the best predictors of economic success for an individual is whether he or she grows up in an intact family. I don't have the statistics, but common sense would dictate that there is a steep economic cost for drug and alcohol related accidents, absenteeism, and health care. Religious people are far more likely to lead the kind of stable lives and have the intact families that produce stable, productive citizens.

    Finally, those materialists simply can't imagine that there are good, rational people who are willing to give up a modicum of economic growth to have a safer, saner, more moral world in which to raise their children.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Anonymous,

      I agree cultural issues are not a distraction. As you imply, economic output is a function of cultural input, not the other way around.

      But I don't think there is compelling evidence that religious people "are far more likely to lead the kind of stable lives and have the intact families that produce stable, productive citizens." If you look at the most religious countries in the world, they are not economic powerhouses. If you look at the least religious countries in the world they tend to near the top of the economic pyramid. It's hard to draw firm conclusions about religion and economic success. There are way too many other variables including the sect and level of fanaticism.

      And I don't know how far you want to take the following:

      "Finally, those materialists simply can't imagine that there are good, rational people who are willing to give up a modicum of economic growth to have a safer, saner, more moral world in which to raise their children."

      I hope you're qualifying "those materialists" as a subset of materialists. I'm a materialist. I know there are "good, rational people who are willing to give up a modicum of economic growth to have a safer, saner, more moral world in which to raise their children." I'm one of them. But I'll note that I've known religious people who can't imagine giving up their economic success for a safer, saner, more moral world, or even a cohesive family.

      Delete
  5. WCB

    Atheists - agnostics are 10% of America's population according to Pew Research, Gallup, George Barna and others. But among Generation Z that is now 19%. The internet is giving good reasons to doubt the existence of God to young cohorts. In much of Europe, the numbers are even more skeptical.

    And we are beginning to see a reaction to anti-woke hysteria, for example Ron DeSantis and his claim Florida "is where woke goes to die". Young Americans are becoming anti-GOP, and anti-MAGA.

    Isuspect if these authortarian GOP and Evangelicals want a culture war, they are going to get one. Long term, they are going to regret that.

    Book bannings, war on birth control, GOP witch hunts in Congress, destruction of Social Security, more massive tax cuts for the rich, it is going to be a bad mix of bad culture war, bad economic policies, and general anti- intellectualism that is long term beginning to doom right wing culture wars, politics and general incompetence.

    Be careful what you wish for, you just might get it.

    WCB

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The internet is giving good reasons to doubt the existence of God to young cohorts.

      Just shows that the youth aren't being taught how to think critically.

      Delete
    2. WCB,

      It's amazing how people like you seem to be stuck in a perpetual time warp to the Bush era. It's like you don't know what is happening. You people remind me of the boomers who still think that Russia is a communist country.

      Delete
    3. WCB, you need sources other than the left-wing media. Not a single book is illegal to write, publish, buy, sell, or read in the state of Florida. DeSantis has only made it more difficult to have books in elementary school libraries and classrooms that are inappropriate for elementary school children. He illustrated that brilliantly when he gave a press conference about books taken out of school libraries. When he showed illustrations from the books, the news organizations in attendance cut their feeds because of their own rules against explicit materials. Do you actually want to take the position that keeping sexually explicit material out of the hands of elementary school children is fascism? If so, you deserve the label "groomer." His "bad economic policies" have Florida booming economically. Our unemployment rate is lower than the national average, and more people are moving into Florida than any other state in the union. And please do share the slightest evidence of a "war on birth control." He has banned abortion after six weeks, when there is a fetal heartbeat. That is a war on murder, not "birth control." Of course, I suspect logic and evidence are lost on someone like you when there's a good lefty rhetorical flourish to be had.

      Delete
    4. "You people remind me of the boomers who still think that Russia is a communist country."

      I'm not sure I have met any such people. However, if any Demonicrat Party "boomers" did believe that, they would no doubt take a much more positive stance toward Russia.

      There's a Stalinist marching termite heart lurking inside most of them; as evidenced by their committment to, or at least satisfaction with, the principles of Vyshinsky and Krylenko being advanced in our current legal and political environments.

      I wonder if the left will ever screw up the courage to publically face the anthropological implications of their own nominalism. My guess, is not. Well, not until the point they are herding those portions of the populace they despise as bitter clingers and deplorables, into cattle cars destined for reeducation and other, camps.

      Only then, when the powerless and pathetically naive are pleading with them "in the name of 'humanity' ", will they sneer and reply, "Didn't you know you fool, that we never really believed in any such thing? Of course you did. You were just afraid to admit it to yourself. So despite all the evidence right before your eyes, you swallowed our 'common humanity' rhetoric as if we meant it. You did this because you were cowardly and because believing our obvious lie was comforting"'

      The old question regarding a tree falling in a forrest with no one there to hear it, is boring. Much more interesting is the question, " If the Churchlands are right about mind and will, what does that make them in relation to you, morally speaking and in terms of possibilities and duties?

      No wonder the s##t people of the left are always jabbering on about "empathy" when they imagine that their necks might be at risk. Considering how they have stripped the deck, it is the only card left which they have to play.

      Delete
    5. Kevin
      --The internet is giving good reasons to doubt the existence of God to young cohorts.

      "Just shows that the youth aren't being taught how to think critically."
      Critical thinking is what leads reasonable people to reject the speculation of god.

      There are no sound arguments for the existence of god on offer, none at all. Every argument for the existence of god in general circulation is unsound, all of them without exception.

      Critical thinking leads to atheism when one is committed to elimination of false premises and invalid logic.

      Theism is for those who do not value true premises in combination with valid logic.

      Delete
    6. @Stardusty

      The natural culmination of critical consciousness is the female penis.

      Delete
  6. I really don’t understand the aversion that some people have to a culture war. If you have two competing cultural ideologies, your choices are either war or surrender.

    The enlightenment experiment where it was posited we could just agree to disagree on a bunch of issues has clearly failed.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Cannot seem to get the full essay? Can you post it here?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Anonymous and Norm,

      I've just read it, so it's now behind the paywall.

      Delete
    2. Pardon me, I mean it's now out from the paywall.

      Delete
  8. Whenever a psuedo-conservative talks about the culture war being a distraction, he is being disingenuous. What he is essentially saying is that he agrees with liberalism and those that do not should remain quiet. Culture is the collective sum of a nations social institutions, achievements, customs, and traditions. To give up the culture is to give up on life.

    ReplyDelete
  9. I think the culture wars in the West today follow the narratives set by liberals, socialists and conservatives, which are all Enlightenment ideologies. Catholics are merely asked from time to time which of these greater or lesser evils they would prefer.

    How about we take up the social theory of the Church that dominated the early modern era, that of St Thomas, and especially his successors Francisco Suarez and Bellarmine. They argued with the progenitors of Enlightenment secularism (in the form of English and French social absolutism), and were backed up by a hegemonic military/political world order that followed scholastic principles (in a way the Middle Ages didn't) - ALL forgotten by poor Catholics today, most of whom thrash around grabbing ropes from our ideological opponents.

    Let's get back to the WINNING Christian modernity that answered the questions we deal with today, for we are part of the same era and battle. The fact that Catholicism's triumph was undermined (largely) by Sa Majeste Tres Chretienne is no reason to give up on the winning formula. There is no other.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. This comment has been removed by the author.

      Delete
    2. The Council of Trent and Bellarmine are Aquinas speaking to the modern age. T

      Delete
  10. WCB

    Norm:
    "....marriage, the complementary nature of man amd women) can go a long way even if the legal endeavor is not successful.
    ....

    Complementarianism is a bad idea. This has lead to a lot of toxic Christianity. The Southern Baptist Convention for example, just voted to not tolerate female pasrors. The idea that a wife be utterly submissive to a husband, because "Bible" is extremely toxic to young generations, especially young women. Why are younger generations abandoning religion? This is a big reason why. Because some ancient misogynist many centuries ago scribbled some toxic ideas does not mean that today everyone has to accept. Especially as our far right extremist evangelical brothers abuse the concept.

    Complimentarianism is quickly becoming a dirty word to thinking people.

    Want to clean out a church congregation of its young members? Let some foolish minister start preaching complimentarianism.

    This little culture war religious wackiness is going to have short legs with Generation Z members.

    WCB

    ReplyDelete
  11. Here's what Wikipedia says about Vermulle's "common-good constitutionalism":

    Common good constitutionalism is a legal theory formulated by Harvard Law Professor Adrian Vermeule that asserts that “the central aim of the constitutional order is to promote good rule, not to ‘protect liberty’ as an end in itself”

    And here's what Blessed John C. Wright has to say about the common good:

    This is the whole excuse and justification of Marxism: hatred in the name of common good , mass- torture in the name of common good , scientifically organized censorship, falsehood, deception and self-deception in the name of common good , mass-starvation in the name of common good , sadism in the name of common good , atheism, genocide, and the suicide of civilization in the name of common good , and infinite evil in the name of the common good, it requires no further warning from me to caution men not to trust uncritically those things done in the name of the common good.

    Give me Liberty or give me death!

    ReplyDelete
  12. Complimentarianism is quickly becoming a dirty word to thinking people.

    Interesting. Have "thinking people" figured out how nature manages human reproduction without zygotes from the 2 sexes? Nature, at least, is complementarian.

    ReplyDelete
  13. WCB

    This has nothing to do with zygotes etc. Complementarianism has unleashed toxic churches, toxic religion, toxic right winged misogyny, and it has been getting worse over the last decade. And many people have been fleeing toxic churches and their toxic cultures. For example the Southern Baptists have lost a quarter million members since 2021. Not all of this is due to complementarrianism, but it plays a big roll in the movement of people out of organized religion. The culture wars on abortion and even birth control is part of the same revulsion as women nationwide have started to get active over these issues. One of the hardest hits in recent years has been the Catholic Church. Sex abuse has hurt them badly. Along with attacks on birth control. Attempts by right winged religious leaders to enact bad policies into our nation's laws is beginning to backfire. Complementarianism is part and parcel of this nonsense and it is driving people away from religion. Especially young women.

    WCB

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. "I really don’t understand the aversion that some people have to a culture war."

      Perhaps because culture war brings people into direct conflict with friends and loved ones, and that's too hard a teaching for most.

      P.S. I see a litany of arbitrary assertions based on consequentialist complaints on complimentarianism (say that three times fast), all of them highly debatable. What I didn't see was an argument about the only thing that actually matters: whether complimentarianism is, you know, actually true or not.

      Delete
    2. WCB

      I do not particularly care about the Bible or revealed theology in general. But I see no issue with complementarism. At its core it's the idea that the sexes are different and as such this makes certain roles more befitting for men over women or women over men. And that neither of them is superior to the other; rather, they complement each other with their own differences, sensibilities and aptitudes. How is that false? It seems perfectly sensible and based on reality as well as biological facts.

      And it doesn't have to entail that women are to be "submissive" to men, either. I agree that what Paul wrote back then about women having to be silent in synagogues, submissive to their husbands etc. is a reflection of the sexist, ultra-patriarchal culture of his time (from more than 2000 years ago). But so what? That isn't something that follows from "complementarism".

      True, people can use complementarism to try to defend some unfair sexist positions about how women have to be submissive, etc. But then it's up to one to argue against that.

      Complementarism by itself doesn't entail that. To think that man and women should have different but complementary roles given their biological and psychological differences needn't entail the submission of women or stuff like that.

      Delete
  14. "infinite evil in the name of the common good"
    Yes, that is the Jesus hell, infinite evil perpetrated by god on the excuse of a greater good.

    I say we should start a culture war to end the absurd acceptance of infinite evil perpetrated by god on the topsy turvy notion that infinite evil is somehow needed to achieve a greater good.

    ReplyDelete
  15. WCB

    https://www.newyorker.com/news/on-religion/the-unmaking-of-biblical-womanhood

    For those of you interested, all three of you, this New Yorker article starts with a history of the 20th century form of Christian complementarianism starting mid century and how that spread rapidly in evangelical churches.
    You cannot know the players without a score card.

    There is now a rising reaction to this in evangelical churches. Again, a short history of that. As complementarianism is part and parcel of today's Christian Nationalism this is also going to be a political battle for years to come.

    WCB

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Good article. It's fitting that it was set in Waco, TX, where the most conservative federal district court in the United States is located.

      Delete
  16. @StardustyPsyche

    Correction: Orthodox Christianity teaches that eternal damnation is not done for the sake of the common good. It is done to defend God's glory.

    ReplyDelete
  17. WCB

    To be fair, Pope Francis has spoken out forcefully on misogyny, pay discrepensies and other issues. Pope Francis has been a champion on more inclusive women's participation in the Church.

    Though on the downside, the birth control issue is still problematic.

    So I would not tar the Catholic Church with the evangelical extreme complementarian brush.

    Just to be clear about this.

    WCB

    ReplyDelete
  18. Modern micro-economics (neoliberal economics of the Austrian school) presupposes “the household” as the starting and end point of all material economy. The household supplies the necessary entrepreneurs and employees for firms, which in turn provides goods and services back to the household. But think about this: what generated the household unit in the first place? Obviously not the firms or even the economy.

    ReplyDelete
  19. "Orthodox Christianity teaches that eternal damnation is not done for the sake of the common good. It is done to defend God's glory."
    Then Orthodox Christianity is even more vile that that which uses the excuse of a greater good.

    Human souls must suffer infinite evil perpetrated by a being so sadistically narcissistic as to find glorification of himself in the infinite suffering of others.

    There is your Christian morality.

    ReplyDelete