Friday, August 29, 2025
Maimonides on negative theology
Negative
theology (also known as apophatic theology) is the approach to understanding
the divine nature that emphasizes that what we know about God is what he is not
rather than what he is. One might take
the strong view that all of our
knowledge of God’s nature is negative in this way, or the weaker position that
much (but not all) such knowledge is negative.
The medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) is among
the most famous of negative theologians.
He takes the stronger position.
More precisely, his view is that when we predicate something of God, we
are describing either his effects in the world of our experience, or the divine
nature itself, and in the latter case we must understand our predications in a
purely negative way.
Monday, August 18, 2025
Diabolical modernity
Satan
tempted Christ to avoid the cross, and offer us instead the satisfaction of our
appetites, marvels or wonders, and political salvation – exactly what modern
market economies, science, and liberal democracy promise us. In my
latest essay at Postliberal Order,
I discuss Archbishop Fulton Sheen’s analysis of the diabolical, and the light
it sheds on the character of the modern world.
Tuesday, August 12, 2025
Hanson on observation
According to
the conception of scientific method traditionally associated with Francis
Bacon, science ought to begin with the accumulation of observations unbiased by
any theoretical preconceptions. The idea
is that only such theory-neutral evidence could provide an objective basis on
which to choose between theories. It
became a commonplace of twentieth-century philosophy of science that this ideal
of theory-neutral observation is illusory, and that in reality all observation
is inescapably theory-laden (to use
the standard jargon). That is to say,
even to describe what it is we observe, we cannot avoid making use of
theoretical assumptions about its nature, circumstances, and so on.
Wednesday, August 6, 2025
Newman on capital punishment
It was
announced last week that Pope Leo XIV will be declaring St. John Henry Newman
to be a Doctor of the Church. As the Catholic Encyclopedia notes,
the Church proclaims someone to be a Doctor on account of “eminent learning”
and “a high degree of sanctity.” This
combination makes a Doctor an exemplary guide to matters of faith and
morals. To be sure, the Doctors are not
infallible. Their authority is not as great
as that of scripture, the consensus of the Church Fathers, or the definitive
statements of the Church’s magisterium.
All the same, their authority is considerable. As Aquinas notes, appeal to the authority of
the Doctors of the Church is “one that may properly be used” in addressing
doctrinal questions, even if such an appeal by itself yields “probable”
conclusions rather than incontrovertible ones (Summa Theologiae I.1.8).
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